日本遗孤回国后的社会融合过程

论文按照回国政策与实际回国进程将日本遗孤分为第一期(1985年以前)、第二期(1986-1993年)、第三期(1994-2000年)、第四期(2001年以后)4个回国群组,并运用对51名遗孤的访谈数据,分别阐明了各回国群组的社会融合过程。第一期回国者在外国人接纳体制尚未建立且政府支援政策欠缺的状况下开始日本生活。他们虽然回国年龄偏低,能较好地发挥个人能动性,但是一般从事低收入劳动。第二期遗孤回国时正值日本“泡沫经济”,大量用工单位亟需劳动力,加之支援政策改善,就业并非难事。然而由于年龄限制与语言障碍,该组成员只能从事体力劳动并长期遭受歧视。第三期回国者因年龄及“平成萧条”社会环境因素不再就业,靠政府救济金维持生计并处于孤独状态。第四期遗孤回国后直接参与国家赔偿诉讼,与其他群组成员一起迎接新支援法的实施。

The Social Integration Process of Japanese War Orphans

This article categorizes,according to the repatriation policy and period,the Japanese war orphans left behind in China into four groups—"the first period returnees(before 1985),""the second period returnees(1986-1993),""the third period returnees(1994-2000),"and"the fourth period returnees(after 2001)"—and examines each group's process of social integration."The first period returnees"started a new life in Japan when the system of foreign acceptance had not been established.They returned to Japan at a relatively low age and could better develop the human agency,but they were generally engaged in low-income labor.As for"the second period returnees,"there was no difficulty finding a job,because Japan was in the midst of an economic bubble in the second half of the 1980s through the early 1990s.However,due to language barriers,they could only engage in manual labor and suffer from long-term discrimination.Due to the succession of recessions in 1990s and their elder age,"the third period returnees"were no longer employed,replying on government aid and were in a lonely state.After repatriation,"the fourth period returnees"directly participated in the state compensation litigation and met the implementation of the new support law with other returnees.