两淮垦殖业及工业的发端：近代中国工业革命的缩影

清末民初,从1901年至1935年,在苏北地区先后涌现了77个垦牧类公司,其中营田万亩以上的大公司有40余个。新兴工业资本集团在苏北圈地垦殖的主要目的是为了植棉以为棉纺业提供原料,这与英国的圈地是为养羊以为毛纺业提供原料的功用是完全一样的。苏北垦殖成为中国工业革命的缩影。在苏北,被圈地者的反抗遭到了武装镇压。但总的说来,这一运动比较缓和,在很大程度上避免了英国工业革命中圈地运动的血腥过程的重现。苏北垦殖也促使了农村的近代化,在更大范围内改造了社会。苏北的圈地垦殖运动实是中国近代工业革命的缩影,其形态的独特、自身体系的完整、史实与资料的丰瀚,在中国仅此可见。其对中国近代史、对中国的现代化命题的研究等等,有极高的标本价值。

Cultivation and Reclamation in North Jiangsu as Epitome of Industrial Revolution

The industrial revolution in Nantong at the end of Qing dynasty and the beginning of the Republic caused a large-scale enclosure in the northern area of Jiangsu. 77 reclamation and pasture companies appeared in North Jiangsu, 40-odd ones of which reclaimed more than ten thousand Mu of land from 1901 to 1935. The main purpose on the enclosure by newborn capital groups was to plant cotton in order to offer raw materials to textile industry. Its function was completely same as the enclosure in Britain. The resistance of those whose land was enclosed was suppressed by capitalists' armed forces. Generally speaking, the enclosure in North Jiangsu was so mild as to avoid the reappearance of the similar bloody British enclosure. The enclosure promoted the development of agriculture, commerce, and primary industry in North Jiangsu, propelled modernization of the agricultural country, and remould the society in a more sphere. All of the accurate interaction engagement, the full complete systematical type, and the abundant historical facts and records of the industrial revolution and the enclosure in North Jiangsu is one and the only one in China, and can be treated as an example of whole industrial revolution system, which was not recognized by the relevant academic circle before. This example is valuable to the study of the modern Chinese history and China's modernization.