戏钱与赏封——考察明清堂会演剧形态的别一视角

从演出酬劳的角度考察明清堂会演剧的形态,是全面呈现堂会演剧风貌的一个可资参照的侧面明清堂会演剧酬劳主要由戏钱和赏封构成,酬劳的获得与演员技巧、戏班声誉等相关,更与堂会观众的心情与好相联系。堂会观剧者对戏曲的利用原则与利用方式,既促成了堂会演剧特有的俗规,使堂会演剧成为戏曲演史上独具特色的形式,同时,堂会观众艺术欣赏之外的其他功利原则也束缚和影响了戏曲发展。堂会演剧中,钱的涨扬与赏封的获得方式从一个侧面鲜明呈现出戏曲在古代社会存在的情形和意义。

A New Perspective of the Status of the Tanghui Drama in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

The present paper explores the status of the Tanghui drama in the Ming and Qing Dynasties from the viewpoint of performance pay.The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a reference aspect so as to reveal the overall features of the Tanghui drama.It is concluded that the pay for the performers of the Tanghui drama in the Ming and Qing Dynasties consisted of two parts,the base performance pay and the bonus.The amount of the pay that the performers might get was related not only to the skill of the performers and the credit of the troupes,but also to the mood and preference of the audience.In addition,this paper tried to take a glance at the existence status of the drama in Ming and Qing Dynasties through studying the payment methods of the pay for the performance of the Tanghui drama.