中国灵活就业人口及其对社会养老保险的影响分析

中国经济结构、产业结构的调整正不断深入并加速进行。伴随市场化、城市化和科技发展, 我国人口就业方式正在发生重大变动,灵活就业人口的规模快速增长,已形成一个庞大的就业群体。社会养老保险覆盖这个群体,既是社会公平的要求,也是社会养老保险事业发展的需要。而灵活就业人口参保,必然对现行社会养老保险制度提出新的需求和挑战,并将对社会养老保险收支产生重大影响 :参保后缴费人数增多,缴费基数多样化,缴费费率降低,缴费有效时间延长,收支不平衡风险加大。现阶段,中国灵活就业人口处在参保初期,对养老保险缴费收入增加有着显著的积极影响。参保的消极影响在 2020 年以后将逐渐显现。因此,建议建立专门的进城务工灵活就业者社会养老保险体系;建立超规定年限缴费、以灵活的费率缴费、与缴费总额挂钩进行给付等三项激励制度;尽早建立起适应我国灵活就业人口参保的社会养老保险资金长期收支平衡机制。

An Impact Analysis of Flexible Workforce in China on Old-age Insurance System

China's economic structure readjustment and industry restructure are being deepening and accelerated.Accompanied by marketization,urbanization and technological development processes,urban population employment structure has undergone significant changes:flexible workers' scale is extending fast and flexible workers have formed a large part of the labor force.Under the circumstances,including flexible working population in social pension insurance is not only the requirements of social equity,but also serve...