张载及其关学研究的方法论与研究走向探析

20世纪以来,张载及其关学的研究大体经历三个阶段,相应地使用了三种方法:一是将关学定位为"关中理学"时期,其运用的是传统的理学方法;二是将张载定位为唯物主义气一元论,认为关学学者对气一元论多有承继,于是相应地也使用了唯物主义与唯心主义"两军对垒"的思维方法;三是重新将张载及其关学定位为理学,但使用的则是中国文化本位的方法,即强调要从中国文化的特点和本性出发,从中国哲学自身的特点和规律出发来研究和审视张载及其关学。由于定位的相对准确与方法的相对优化,使关学研究有了较大的推进,但目前仍留下较大的研究空间。张载及其关学研究还可从多角度、多层面进一步加以深化。

Zhang Zai and his Methodology of Research on Guanzhong School

Since the 20th century,research on Zhang Zai and his Guanzhong School can be roughly divided into three stages and three methods have been used,namely: 1) to locate the period of Guanzhong School as the period of Neo-confucianism school,the traditional Neo-confucianism method is used;2) to regard Zhang Zai as a materialist qi monism,most of the scholars in Guanzhong School adopted the theory of qi monism,therefore,the materialist and idealist thinking methods are used;3) to relocate Zhang Zai and his Guanzhong School as Neo-confucianism,yet it is based on the Chinese culture,stressing the Chinese cultural characteristics,to study Zhang Zai and his Guanzhong School from the perspective of Chinese philosophical characteristics and laws.The accurate location and the proper methods have pushed forward the study of Guanzhong School,nevertheless,much remains to be further researched.The study of Zhang Zai and his Guanzhong School can be further deepened from more angles and levels.