西方公共部门目标管理理论发展述要

西方公共部门目标管理实践兴盛于20世纪七八十年代，形成了大量研究成果。在收集整理外文文献的基础上，文章从概念厘清、发展阶段、主义之争、效用之争和工具整合五个方面呈现西方公共部门目标管理理论的发展成果：目标管理是指组织通过确定目标、过程管理、按目标进行结果考核、应用考核结果四个环节，对组织活动、组织发展、部门及成员绩效等进行管理的一种理论思想、技术方法和管理制度；其理论发展经过了适切性探讨、运行情况实证研究和总结提升三个阶段；其主义之争表现为古典主义与现实主义目标管理的若干差异；其效用之争各执一辞但催生了对影响效用的自变量的关注；其工具整合使得公共部门目标管理具有了强大的兼容性和生命力。

A Review on Theoretical Development of MBO in Western Public Sector

MBO practice in public sector bloomed in the West in 1970s and 1980s, contributing many find- ings. By collecting and reviewing the findings, this paper studies the definitions, development stages, theoretical parties, utilities and integration of tools. MBO is a theory, a tool and a system. By the four steps of objectives set- ting, process management, result evaluation according to objectives and use of the evaluation conclusion, it can be used in organizational activity, organizational growth and performances of departments and agents. The theoretical development goes from the adaptability discussion, empirical study on practice, to conclusion and advancement. The classical MBO and the practical MBO vary in many aspects. The arguments on effects of MBO can＇t come to a compromise, but bring focus onto the independent variables. The tools integration equips MBO with compatibility and vitality.