现实的个人：马克思实践观超越传统认识论的起点

人与自然的关系、社会存在与社会意识的关系是传统认识论没能解决的两大难题。马克思从“现实的个人”出发，进入生活世界的实践维度，对之作出了正确的回答：对于现实的个人而言，自然界不是抽象的、与人割裂的自在自然，而是现实的、与人结合的人化自然，也就是说，人与自然界是统一的；现实的个人所从事的生产劳动，是社会意识得以产生和存在的物质基础，社会意识随着社会存在的变化而变化，也就是说，社会意识与社会存在是统一的。由此可见，“现实的个人”是马克思实践观超越传统认识论的起点。

Real Individual: The Starting Point of Marx View on Practice Surpassing Traditional Epistemology

The relationship of man and nature and the relationship of social existence and social consciousness are the two questions that the traditional Epistemology cannot answer.Starting from the real individual,Marx enters into the dimension of practice,and then he answers correctly to these two questions.For the real individual,the nature is not the abstract and isolated self-dependent nature,but the practical and humanized nature,namely the man and the nature are united.The production in which the real individual engaged is the material foundation on which the social consciousness relies,and with the change of social existence,the social consciousness changes as well;in other words,the social consciousness and the social existence are united.Hence,the real individual is the starting point of Marx's view of practice surpassing traditional Epistemology.