从匠艺到艺术——中国早期照相馆人像与肖像画的融合

摄影术传入中国后，对画像行业造成冲击，一些画师改业从事照相馆人像拍摄，把绘画中的人物造型法则运用到人像摄影中，从当时留存至今的“小照”、“肖像”中可以看出他们深受中国传统肖像画形式的影响，在某种程度上还反映了当时的社会生活和中国人的审美趣味和艺术传统。清宫流传至今的慈禧着色放大照片是早期中国人像摄影的珍品，而勋龄所拍摄的慈禧扮观音的化妆照可视为按照一定的构思进行摄影创作的先驱，它与西方同时期盛行的高艺术摄影有异曲同工之妙，但又体现了中国人不同于西方的精神境界和宗教信仰，有着浓厚的中国传统文化色彩。

From Craftsmanship to Art --The blending of the painted portrait and the photo portrait taken in the early Chinese photo studios

The introduction of photography into China exerted a great influence on the work of portrait painting. Some portrait painters shifted to figure photography in the photo studios, applying the rules for portrait painting to figure photography. It is evident that the ＂photos＂ and ＂portraits＂ preserved until today were greatly influenced by Chinese traditional portrait painting. To some extent, they reflect the social life of that time and the aesthetic conceptions and artistic tradition of the Chinese people. The colored magnified picture of the emperor~ mother, Cixi, in the Qing Dynasty is a kind of art treasure in terms of the early Chinese figure photography. The picture, taken by Xun Ling, in which Cixi acted as GuanYin, is regarded as the pioneer of the costumed photos taken according to photo composition. Compared with the pure art photography which was advertent in that period in the western countries, they are termed not only as ＂different approaches but equally satisfactory results＂, but also embodied with the different spiritual world and religious worship between China and the western countries,and carrying a marked cultural color of Chinese tradition as well.