基于专业型划分的当代美国教师教育目的研究

从认知与道德发展角度看，教师专业模型至少有四种，即学者专业型、养育者专业型、临床医生专业型和道德代理人专业型。每种专业型都有独特的认知目的与道德目的：学者专业型要求造就富有丰盈精神世界的学科专家型教师；养育者专业型重视学科与师生间的关联，强调构建关怀型师生关系；临床医生专业型以“适应性专长”培养为纽带，重点培养教师的情境性判断与探究能力，倡导创建民主的课堂生活共同体；道德代理人专业型关注教师的道德认知发展与“道德自我”的塑造。美国教师专业型划分理论告诉我们：教师教育实践要善于兼容教师发展中的认知目的与道德目的，重点培养教师的优势专业品质，关注职前教师的专业型匹配，持续激励教师发展的内驱力，以此促进优秀教师专业品质的迅速形成。

A Research on the Aims of U.S.Teacher Education Based on Teacher Professional Modes

There are at least four modes of teacher profession in the term of cognitive and moral devel-opment,that is,the scholar-professional,the nurturer-professional,the clinician-professional and the moral agent-professional.Every professional mode has its unique combination of cognitive and moral aims.The scholar-professional is committed to producing subject experts with developed spiritual world;the nurturer-professional focuses on the connection between the subject and teachers as well as students,and on the construction of caring-oriented teacher-student relationship;the clinician-profes-sional centers on developing teachers??situational ability to response and inquiry,and on creating dem-ocratic classroom life with aid of adaptive expertise;the moral agent-professional attaches more im-portance to teacher??s cognitive moral development and the cultivation of their morality.The theory a-bout teacher professional modes suggest that in educational practice,teachers should consider both cognitive aim and moral aims;emphasis should be put on the improvement of the quality of teachers??dominant specialties,on the appropriate match of professionals of initial teachers,and on the consist-ent stimulation of teachers??internal impetus so as to accelerate the formation of high quality of excel-lent teacher professional.