“人”误读的“人”——再论周作人的《人的文学》

周作人在<人的文学>中所论述的"人",并不是西方文学传统中个人主义价值系统中的"人",而是以阶级消失、国家消亡为前提条件的"共产社会"中的"人".这样的"人"除了具有个体意识以外,更要有合作、友好以及为"人类"的整体利益牺牲自我的激情.在以往的研究中,<人的文学>中所包含的"个体自由意识"已探讨得很充分了,而对于其另一核心,--"人类(世界)意识",即19世纪空想社会主义思潮语境中的人道主义,给中国新文学的创建与发展所带来的影响、变异,迄今为止,似乎还没引起太多研究者的关注.

"Individual"and the Misread"Individual"--Rethinking Zhou Zuoren's The Literature of Man

The notion of "individual" discussed in Zhou Zuoren's The Literature of Man is not the same as that in the system of traditional western literature, but the "individual" in the "communist society" on the premises of the disappearance of class and country. Besides individual consciousness, such an "individual" is also cooperative, friendly and enthusiastically ready to dedicate his life to the interests of the collective. Previous studies have fully explored Zhou's "individualism", but neglected the impact of the "human (world) consciousness", namely, the humanism in the context of the 19th century Utopian socialism, on the establishment and development of Chinese new literature.