“代耕农”现象的经济分析——以广东省惠州市博罗县石湾镇铁场村为例

"代耕农"是农村劳动力流动的产物。推算结果显示,至2004年我国有"代耕农"约75万人,占农村流动人口的9.46%。本文以广东省惠州市博罗县石湾镇铁场村的"代耕农"为例,比较了"代耕农"、在家务农和农民工三种农村劳动力就业方式的成本与收益,发现"代耕农"至少是农村劳动力流动的次优选择,对于年龄偏大、缺乏务农之外其他技能的人来说,甚至是最优选择。这种在利益驱动下与短期土地租赁合同连接的农村劳动力流动,一方面能使人地资源得到优化配置,增加农民收入;另一方面也可能使土地被过度使用。政府应在明晰土地产权的基础上,引导和规范土地流转,并为"代耕农"融入当地社会创造条件。

Economic Analysis on "Daigeng Farmers"——A Case Study in Tiechang Village of Huizhou,Guangdong Province

"Daigeng Farmers" is the result of mobility of rural labor forces.It is estimated that there was 750,000 "Daigeng Farmers" till 2004,which accounted for 9.46% of the migrant population in the countryside.Taking "Daigeng Farmers" in Tiechang Village of Huizhou,Guangdong Province for example,this paper compared the cost and profit of three employment methods of rural labor forces,there are "Daigeng Farmers",farming at home and migrant workers,and found that "Daigeng Farmers" at least is the second choice of mobility of rural labor forces.For those with older age,lack in other skills except farming,"Daigeng Farmers" is the best choice.The mobility of rural labor forces connected by incentive of profits and short-term land leasing contract enables the land resources to be optimized and farmers to increase their incomes;on the other hand,land may be overused by this mobility.Therefore,the governments should guide and regulate land circulation based on clear land property and create suitable conditions for the integration of "Daigeng Farmers" into the local society.