土司遗产多元参与管理模式探析

土司遗址申报世界遗产成功，其价值将会日益受到人们重视，保护和开发等管理工作也迫在眉睫。当前土司遗产管理的“一元”模式面临政府管理绩效堪忧、多元利益主体诉求无法满足的困境。土司遗产多元参与管理模式是由常态下的协商模式、事项下的激励模式、危机下的管控模式和探索中的活态保护模式构成的一个弹性开放的整体，同时要求坚持政府的主导地位、重视多元参与主体的重要功能和保证参与方式的多样性。树立协同合作理念、培育多元主体、激励融入与规范退出机制的建立、加强主体间协调和监督、防控危机事件、运用现代化管理方式以及借鉴其他世界遗产的管理经验是模式构建的有效路径。

Analysis on the Multiple-participation Management Mode of Tusi Sites

With their successful application for world heritage,Tusi Sites have been given more and more attention,which calls for an urgent management in protection and development.Presently,the single-agent management mode is faced with the dilemma of low efficiency and appeals from multiple interest bodies.The multiple-participation management mode of Tusi Sites should be a flexible and open one,consisting of a negotiation mode under normal state,a motivation mode under particulars of matters,a control mode under crisis,and a protection mode under active state,in which the government’s leading role is confirmed,and the important functions of the multiple participation bodies and the ways of participation are recognized.The effective path to construct the mode is to set up the idea of coordination,cultivate multiple subjects,establish and regulate incentive,integration and exit mechanism,strengthen coordination and supervision of subjects,prevent critical incidents,utilize modern management methods and borrow experience from other places of world heritage.