民族院校毕业生的就业对阻断贫困代际传递作用

提高农村人口的平均受教育的年限能够有效改善农村贫困现象，高等教育有助于贫困代际阶层向上流动以阻断贫困代际传递。在高等院校中，民族院校吸纳了更多的农村毕业生。民族院校毕业生就业后的月均收入明显高于全国农民工的平均水平，毕业生就业于教育行业的比例较高，多数毕业生乐意就职于就读院校所在地的民营企业，反哺地方经济建设。民族院校毕业生通过接受高等教育，提升了个人价值，增加了个人与家庭的经济收入，促进了地区经济的发展，不仅使自己也带动更多的人有机会告别贫困代际传递。本研究从理论上拓展了阻断贫困代际传递的研究范围，并从民族院校毕业生及其家庭、民族院校以及扶贫政策制定者三个角度提出了相应对策，以促进民族院校毕业生及更多的贫困地区人口尽早告别贫困代际传递，实现个人脱贫与地区脱贫的双丰收。

The Role of Employment of Graduates of Minzu Colleges and Universities in Preventing the Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty

Students in Minzu colleges and universities are not only the backbone of safeguarding national unity and ethnic solidarity but also a new force to promote regional economic and social development. Although some researchers have studied the factors affecting intergenerational transmission of poverty or may have noticed the impact of education and higher education on preventing intergenerational transmission of poverty, few researchers have paid attention to the impact of the employment of graduates from Minzu colleges and universities on halting intergenerational transmission of poverty. Therefore, this study aims to explore how graduates from Minzu colleges and universities can put an end to intergenerational transmission of poverty through their employment. An analysis of data related to 2018-2020 undergraduate graduates from 9 Minzu colleges universities shows that: 1) The average monthly income of graduates-employee from Minzu colleges and universities is significantly higher than the national average for migrant workers. The higher income of graduates can directly improve their personal and family financial status, and effectively break the vicious cycle of intergenerational transmission of poverty. 2) A relatively higher proportion of graduates of Minzu colleges and universities are employed in the education industry that can provide a long-term and stable income. A steady increase in the number of graduates from Minzu colleges and universities who devote themselves to the education industry can continuously provide a sufficient influx of talent into the education industry, enabling more people to receive education and get rid of poverty. 3) Most of the graduates of Minzu college and universities work in private businesses, giving back to local economies. After employment, graduates of Minzu colleges and universities not only secure higher incomes for themselves but also provide intellectual support for the further development of local private enterprises. Based on the above findings, this article suggests that 1) graduates of Minzu colleges and universities should make career planning as soon as possible to hone their professional and interpersonal skills so as to increase their value and competitiveness in employment. 2) The administrators of Minzu colleges and universities should provide more assistance to rural graduates by increasing the number of rural enrollments and encourage students to take the postgraduate entrance examination, or cultivate more professional talents that better meet the market needs of companies by optimizing the syllabi of university majors. 3) If poverty alleviation policymakers can provide more financial and policy support for the enrollment, employment, and entrepreneurship of rural college students, the opportunities for students in impoverished areas to receive higher education might be improved. An exemplary role will be played when they return home for employment or entrepreneurship-this will strongly motivate more people in poor areas to get rid of the intergenerational transmission of poverty.