大学生农业创业及其影响因素研究——以浙江省为例

大学生农业创业是解决当前农村人力资本紧缺的有效途径之一.本研究结合访谈和个案分析,通过对667名在校大学生与318名已创业大学生的问卷调查,考察与分析当前大学生对农业创业的认知、意愿及其主要影响因素.主要结果表明:(1)大学生农业创业效能感可分为机会识别效能、关系协调效能、组织承诺效能、创新效能和风险承担效能五个维度；(2)农业创业环境可分为政府支持、学校支持、家庭支持和消极支持四个维度；(3)总体而言,大学生农业创业意愿相对较低,性别、年龄、父母职业、所受创业教育、农村实践经历、涉农实习经历、家庭支持以及机会识别效能、组织承诺效能与风险承担效能等是其主要的影响因素；(4)两类大学生在农业创业认知、创业准备、创业环境评估以及创业意愿等方面均存在不同程度的差异.针对调查分析结果,本文提出了促进大学生农业创业的对策与建议.

On Agricultural Entrepreneurship of College Students and Its Influencing Factors:The Case of Zhejiang Province

The agricultural entrepreneurship of college students is one of the effective ways to solve the problem of rural human capital shortage.With the questionnaire investigation of 667 in-college students and 318 pioneering undergraduates,and combining with interviews and case analysis,this paper analyzed the cognition,intention and main influencing factors of current college students to agricultural entrepreneurship.The results show that college students’ agricultural entrepreneurial self-efficacy consists of five dimensions that is opportunity identification efficacy,organizational commitment efficacy,relationship coordinating efficacy,innovation efficacy and risk-taking efficacy.Agricultural entrepreneurial environment constitutes four dimensions,that is government supports,family supports,college supports and negative supports.College students’ agricultural intention is relatively low,and its main influencing factors include sex,age,parents’ occupations,entrepreneurship education,country experience,agriculture-related practice,family supports,opportunity identification efficacy,organizational commitment efficacy and risk-taking efficacy.There are obvious differences between two kinds of college students in agricultural entrepreneurial cognition,entrepreneurial preparation,and entrepreneurial environment evaluation.On basis of these,some suggestions about how to promote college students’ agricultural entrepreneurship were proposed.