从自然状态到原初状态--罗尔斯对古典契约理论的修正

罗尔斯的原初状态对古典契约理论的自然状态进行了两点主要的修正:一是将自然状态变成了可以根据理性的需要而任意设定和修改的状态;二是将霍布斯、洛克和卢梭等人契约理论中的原子式个人变成了只具备个人某些属性的个体。在这两点修正的基础上,罗尔斯得出了契约(公平正义)理论优于功利主义理论的结论。其实,这种修正并没有使他摆脱古典契约理论的困境。新契约理论面临的问题依然是古典契约理论面临的问题。

From Natural Status to Original Status--Rawls' Revision of Classic Contractarian Theory

Rawls' original status theory revises the classic contractarian theory of natural status in two major aspects: the natural status is changed into the status that can be freely set up and revised according to the rational needs;the atomic individuals in the contractarian theories of Hobbes,Locke and Rousseau are changed into the individualities with certain individual properties.Based on these two revisions,Rawls concludes that the contractarian(equal and justice) theory is better than the theory of utilitarianism.In reality,with these revisions,he has not stayed away from the difficult position of classic contractarain theory.The problems of the classic contractarian theory are also the problems and neo-contractarian theory.