中国大都市发展与治理研究

联合国人口状况报告显示,世界城市化速度不断加快,突出表现为城市居民数量持续增长、特大城市数量增多且规模庞大。回顾中国城市化历程,起步晚发展快,并已进入最快的发展阶段,城市规模也不断扩展,呈现出大城市快速增加、Ⅱ型小城市减少,同时长三角、珠三角、京津冀等大都市圈高速发展的显著特点。以巨型工商城市为中心的城市群已成为国家经济增长的引擎,随之而来的"城市病"(环境污染、人口分布不均、资源紧张、人口老龄化、家庭空巢化、社会治安管理难、交通拥堵、房价飞涨等等)对公共管理和政策研究提出了挑战。从政府管理向社会治理理念的转变,已成为世界大都市研究的新思路。梳理国内外社会治理研究的学术成果,为中国的大都市治理提出政策建议:充分借鉴国际上大都市治理的优秀成果,科学研究、综合治理、改善城市规划,利用大数据挖掘等现代科技手段把大都市治理及其研究推向一个新高度。

The Study of Metropolitan Development and Governance in China

According to a recent UN report, the number of world urban residents is increasing, and the pace of urbanization is accelerating. A review of China”s urbanization process shows that it started later but accelerated more rapidly, and now it has reached the fastest phase. City size is expanding, with quick increase of metropolitan centers and declining numbers of small cities. Metropolitan regions such as Yangtze Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region are developing rapidly. The accompanying “city diseases”, such as pollution, population mal -distribution, resource shortage, population aging, “empty nests”, security problems, traffic jams, soaring housing prices, etc. post a great challenge to public administration and policy research. The ideological transformation of govern-ment to social governance has introduced a new approach to metropolis management and research. Based on an analysis of the current situation and a review of the progress of metropolitan governance re-search in China, the following policy recommendations are made: encourage different approaches to re-search, including drawing lessons from the experiences of other countries; take a systematic and com-prehensive approach to metropolitan governance; improve urban planning along with regional planning and consideration for rural development; and use modern technology including big data mining to help improve metropolitan governance and research.