新时期城市年轻女性非正规就业问题

通过在厦门市的调研发现,新时期城市女性非正规就业表现出年轻化、白领化、社会参与意识较强且有正规化预期等新特点。现行的就业和福利政策都未能关注到这个群体的成长和变化,对年轻女性非正规就业人员存在保障失灵的问题。同时,制度性的就业保护和非制度性的"职场规范"等原因导致的正规就业"高门槛",加速了年轻女性就业的非正规化趋势,且由于女性就业非正规化会形成一个自我加强的机制,从而可能将女性固化在非正规就业轨道。基于此,提出重塑职场文化,降低女性正规就业的门槛;改变非正规就业"低下"的标签,加大对非正规就业的保护力度;规避妇女福利对女性就业的负外部性,优先发展儿童福利等政策建议。

The Proplem of Urban Female Informal Employment during the New Ara of China

Based on a social survey in Xiamen city, the paper generalizes the main features of urban fe-male informal employment. The current public policies, both employment policy and welfare policy, have not followed the development of urban female informal employment and thus failed to protect their legal rights. At the same time, the“high threshold” caused by institutional employment protection and non-institutional “workplace norms” also makes women more difficult to be accepted in formal labor market. Furthermore, women would be fixed in informal sector due to a self-strengthen mechanism of female informal employment. Thus, the paper puts forward several policy suggestions: reshape“work-place culture”; get rid of the stigma of informal employment; preferentially develop children welfare than women welfare.