从村庄到市场: 施坚雅中国市场体系理论的华西社会学背景

施坚雅于 1949 年末至 1950 年初在成都郊外高店子进行的田野调查, 对他日后关于中国市场体 系的思考有重要影响。 北伐后中国乡村社会研究有一个非常重要的转折性发展, 即从燕京社会学侧重村庄本 身的做法转向华西社会学以乡村为社区的区位分析取向。 近年出版的施坚雅田野笔记显示, 他来中国时本来 想要研究的是社会人格塑造, 这是那个时代人类学领域相当重要的问题。 但等到他在成都的田野调查不得不 结束之前, 其研究主题已转移到市场体系。 在此转变过程中, 蒋旨昂等华西社会学系老师扮演了重要的角 色。 华西学人对市场体系与政治社会体系的关联认识, 与施坚雅在 1960 年代关于中国市场体系论著中的观 念颇相契合。 就此说施坚雅的理论至少在潜移默化中受到华西社会学人的影响, 或不为过。

From Village to Market The Sociological School of West China Union University and G. William Skinner 's Marketing System Theory of China

The fieldwork G. William Skinner conducted at Gaodianzi of the Chengdu plain from the end of 1949 to the beginning of 1950 impacted his thinking about Chinese marketing system in the next decades. There was a significant turning-point in Chinese rural society study after the North Expedition which transferred the practice of the Yanching sociological school focusing on the village itself to the West China sociological school_''s orientation of location analysis which treated a village as a community. Skinner_''s newlyreleased monograph of fieldwork notes shows that he prepared to study social personality formation which was a quite important theme in anthropology before he came to China but he had transferred his main research interest to the marketing system by the time he had to stop his fieldwork in Chengdu. Professors like Jiang Zhi _''ang in the West China School of sociology played a considerable role upon this transition. Their points of view that connected the marketing system to the political and social system agreed with Skinner_''s thoughts about Chinese marketing system in his monographs in the 1960s. It may not go too far to say that Skinner_''s theory was influenced by the West China School sociologists.