蔡元培的心理学思想及其贡献

作为中国知识界的卓越先驱,蔡元培的心理学思想和实践对中国心理学乃至中国近代社会发展都产生了广泛而深远的影响。他在德国留学时,曾经学习冯特的实验心理学和哲学。这段经历影响了他的心理学思想和实践活动。在他的教育生涯中,他一直很重视心理学的发展和应用。他是现代心理学积极的倡导者和扶持者:在北大创建了心理学系,建立第一个心理研究所,重视心理学人才的培养。关于心理学的性质,他继承了其师冯特的观点,认为心理学采用了实验科学方法,因而具有自然科学的性质。作为教育家,他重视心理学在教育上的应用,提出了五育及完全人格教育心理思想、按照儿童发展规律进行教育。这些广泛而深刻的教育心理思想至今仍有指导意义。美育是蔡元培思想中的一大特色,其中也包含了丰富的心理学基础。他主张以美育代替宗教,提出将西方心理学同中国传统文化相结合。他的心理学思想对现代教育有深刻的启示。

Review on CAI Yuan-pei's Thoughts of Psychology and Its Contribution

CAI Yuan-pei is an outstanding pioneer of Chinese intellectuals and his psychological concept and practice have played an extensive role in promoting the development of the contemporary China.When CAI Yuan-pei studied in Germany,he learned experimental psychology and philosophy of Wundt.His experience in German influenced his psychological concept and practice.He sponsored and supported the Department of Psychology in Peking University,set up the first psychology research institute,and attached importance to educating talents.As for the character of psychology,he inherited the attitudes of his tutor Wundt.He took into account applying psychology into education.These extensive and profound concepts have instructional significance till present.Aesthetic education is one of his concepts,including abundant psychological basis.He advocated to substitute religion with aesthetic education and combine western psychology with Chinese traditional culture.His psychology concepts give a hand to our modern education reform.