身份与利益——东南亚恐怖主义根源探析

恐怖主义是人类社会的灾难,长期对东南亚地区的和平与安全构成重大威胁。防控东南亚恐怖主义的蔓延并进行根治,是东南亚各国政府、域外利益攸关方(stakeholders)、国际组织共同关心的议题。身份-利益这一特质为区分东南亚恐怖主义类型提供了研究方法,也为探寻其不同的根源提供了研究途径。东南亚恐怖主义滋生于身份认同的异质化及自身对特殊政治利益的追求,以身份认同为标准和边界,东南亚恐怖主义可以分为左右翼革命型、民族主义-分裂主义型和宗教-政治型三种类型。东南亚恐怖主义身份认同需要靠利益支持,利益是东南亚恐怖主义身份认同的基础,没有利益支持的身份认同是不稳固的,当身份无法继续提供凝聚力时,东南亚恐怖组织将会走向解体或分裂,其中分裂出的恐怖组织分支会为寻求支持而建构新的身份认同。虽然东南亚恐怖组织存在多元身份认同,但只有其中一种身份在构建恐怖主义时起着决定性的作用。在治理恐怖主义上各国需要采取针对性强的政策,同时需要预防其他身份构建恐怖主义的可能。

Identities and Interests:A Probe into the Root Causes of Terrorism in Southeast Asia

Terrorism is a disaster to the human society,and it has posed a long-term major threat to regional peace and security of Southeast Asia.Preventing and controlling the spread of terrorism in Southeast Asia as well as eradicating it completely are a common concern of the Southeast Asian governments,external stakeholders and international organizations.Peculiarity of the identity-interest model provides a research approach to distinguish the types of terrorism in Southeast Asia,and a way to explore its different origins.Terrorism in Southeast Asia has rooted in the heterogeneity of identity and the pursuit of special political interests,which has created three types of terrorism based on different identities and interests in Southeast Asia since the end of the Cold War,namely the type of left-wing and right-wing revolutionaries,the type of nationalism-separatism and the type of religion-politics.The identity of a terrorist group in Southeast Asia is always supported by a special appeal of interests,which is the ideological basis for the identity of the group.Without such a support,the identity of the group is instable.Once the old identity fails to keep the group together,the terrorist groups in Southeast Asia tend to become disintegrated,branches of which will seek the support of a new appeal of interests to form a new identity.Although the same type of terrorism many have diversified identities,there is only on identity that plays the decisive role in leading the group to terrorism.Therefore,governments in Southeast Asia should take a more targeted approach in addressing terrorism,while preventing other identities from leading to terrorism.