从生活所迫到自愿选择——甘南夏河尼僧出家原因的人类学调查

甘南夏河是安多藏区的宗教、文化中心,以藏传佛教著名黄教寺院拉卜楞寺为中心,这里云集着各个教派的大小寺院,也是藏传佛教觉姆寺分布最为集中的地区.据笔者调查,目前在拉卜楞寺周边建有三所觉姆寺.本文在对其中两所女寺尼僧调查的基础上,分析了现代尼僧群体的出家原因和不同原因所占的比例,并由此认为,安多藏族女性剃度出家原因已经从生活所迫为主演变为自愿选择为主,同时探讨了该现象形成的社会与文化原因.

From the Result of Hard Life to Choice of the Women：An Anthropological Inquiry Why the Nuns in Xiaohe of Southern Gansu Became Nun

Xiahe of southern Gangsu is a center of the religion and culture of Amdo Tibetan region. Around famous Labrang Monastery, a center of the Yellow Sect, there are lots of monasteries and the most nunneries of Tibetan Buddhism. According to the field work of the author, there are three nunneries around Labrang now. On the basis of the survey, this paper analyzes the reason that the nuns in the two of the three nunneries become the nun and the proportion of different reasons. The paper argues that it is mostly the result of hard life in post and now it is mostly their own choice. And the paper explores the social and cultural background of it.