资产专用性与中国农民专业合作社纵向一体化经营

基于新制度经济学的理论,分析了体现物质资产专用性、品牌资产专用性、场地专用性、人力资本专用性等资产专用性的因素对合作社纵向一体化经营的影响,运用中国四川、浙江、黑龙江省265个农民专业合作社的实地调查数据,进行实证研究。研究结果表明,体现物质资产专用性的产品易腐性、专用设备,体现品牌资产专用性的注册商标,体现场地专用性的最远营销范围、地形特征和体现人力资本专用性的培训人数、社员总数和社长年龄这些资产专用性因素对农民专业合作社纵向一体化经营具有显著影响。最后基于研究结论提出了提升我国农民专业合作社纵向一体化经营水平的政策启示。

Asset Specificity and Vertical Integration of Specialized Farmer Cooperatives

Based on the theory of New Institutional Economics,we first theoretically analyzed the impact of asset specificity in terms of physical asset specificity,brand asset specificity,site specificity,and human capital specificity on the vertical integration of farmer cooperatives.Secondly,anly empirical research has been conducted,by applying the data of 265 Chinese specialized farmer cooperatives in Sichuan,Zhejiang,and Heilongjiang provinces.The results show that the asset specificity factors such as the perishability of products and special equipment as indexes of physical asset specificity,registered trademark as an index of brand asset specificity,the farthest geographical marketing scope as an index of site specificity,and the total number of members offered trains,the membership size,and the age of directors as indexes of the human capital specificity have significant impacts on the vertical integration of specialized farmer cooperatives.Finally,we proposed some policy implications on enhancing the level of vertical integration of specialized farmer cooperatives in China.