语言接触导致汉语方言分化的两种模式

民族语言在和汉语的接触中通过两种方式影响汉语。首先是汉语民族方言通过母语干扰有规则有系统地影响汉语，导致方言的形成，其次是汉语民族方言通过母语转换变成汉语方言。对话状态是认识这两种方式的关键，汉族说民族语言和民族说汉语是不同的对话状态。通常所说的混合语往往可以通过对应语素的有阶分布确定其早期对话状态，因此很多混合语可以看成转型汉语方言。孤岛条件下的母语干扰是形成转型汉语方言的重要条件。

Two Models of Chinese Dialectic Divisions Caused by Language Contact

Languages of ethnic minorities affect Chinese in two ways. First, a new Chinese dialect emerges through mother tongue interruption, when a minority people speak Chinese. Second, a new Chinese dialect emerges through mother tongue transition, when a minority people substitute Chinese for their own mother tongue. Study of conversational situations is crucial for the understanding of the two models. The early conversational situation of many so-called creole languages can be judged by its rank distribution of correlative morphemes. These languages can be treated as form-transited Chinese dialects. The mother tongue interruption under an island condition is crucial for the emergence of form-transited Chinese dialects.