黄宗羲与陈确论争之新探——从“物”之思想谈起

黄宗羲与陈确的论争很大程度上受其对"物"之理解的影响。这又牵涉到他们对万物一体学说中的未发状态和已发状态的理解。在黄宗羲这里,已发状态中包括本然之物和非本然之物,为了达到至善,就要用未发状态来矫正已发状态,黄宗羲的结论是"存天理,去人欲";而陈确拒绝"未发"状态的存在,将所有"物"都置于已发状态中,而这也表现为"人欲"。由于没有本然和非本然之区分,他的"物"或"欲"就都是合理的。他按照万物一体的逻辑得出结论:天理就是人欲。而黄宗羲最后对陈确思想的宽容,是因为他觉察到了万物一体学说的矛盾性。

A New Study of the Debates Between Huang Zongxi and Chen Que

The debates between Huang Zongxi and Chen Que based on the interoperation of Thing,and it also came from the interoperation of the Emotions Shown or Latent of the Theory of All as One.Huang Zongxi's Emotions Shown involved the things of nature and the things of non-nature.And the Emotions Shown must be corrected by the Emotions Latent.But Chen Que refused the Emotions Latent and all the things belonged to the Emotions Shown,so he thought that all things were reasonable and the justice of nature was the huma...