实证视域中村民自治存在的问题及对策研究

来自全国多个农村地区的实际调查表明，村民自治在实践过程中受到诸多因素的困扰。在法律保障方面，村民自治的相关法律不够明确不成体系，村民民主权利维护的功能有待完善；在制度设计方面，县乡两级党委政府与村委会村党支部之间的指导关系不明晰，村委会与村党支部之间的运行界限模糊；在政治文化方面，农村传统政治文化观念较为浓厚，村民向现代公民的公共意识与参与行为转变普遍存在困难，村干部的民主法制意识与能力素质和村民的自治渴求之间存在较大差距。通过综合梳理与分析，我们可以发现当前村民自治虽然面临重重困难，但也深切感知进一步完善村民自治对农村社会稳定与发展所具有的重大意义。

On Problems and Countermeasures of Villager Autonomy in Empirical Perspective

The practical survey from many rural areas of the country showed many problems in the villager autonomy. On the legal protection, regulations about villager autonomy are not clear and systematic, and the function to maintain villag- ers＇ democratic rights remain to be improved ; in the system design, the guidance relationship between the county＇ s and township＇ s Party committees and governments and the village committee and village Party branch is not clear, and opera- tion boundaries between the village committee and village Party branch is fuzzy; in terms of political culture, the tradi- tional political culture concept in rural areas is more strong, and change to the modern citizen＇ s public awareness and participation behavior is difficult, and there is a larger gap between the village cadres＇ democratic legal system con- sciousness and ability quality and villagers＇ autonomy desire. To solve these problems, scholars, politicians and the vil- lagers are trying to seek countermeasures and suggestions, which include theoretical Suggestions and practical system in- novation. Through synthesis carding and analysis, we can find the villager autonomy is facing difficulties, but it can be further improved to keep the stability and development of rural society, which is of great significance.