Binary discrete choice under asymmetric restrictions |
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Authors: | H Schneider |
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Institution: | 1. Institut für Statistik und Mathematik, J.W.Goethe-Universit?t, Senckenberganlage 31, D-6000, Frankfurt/Main
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Abstract: | A crucial assumption of discrete choice models requires that observed individual behavior is a direct function of unobserved
individual utility maximization. There are situations, however, where observed behavior is ambiguous with respect to maximum
utility. This is the case, when individual utility maximization is hampered by global restrictions of action. Typically, such
restrictions are tied to particular decision alternatives, which causes an asymmetric influencing on individual behavior.
The existence of global asymmetric restrictions upon individual behavior can be treated as a second unobserved variable. This
leads to two separate models, which have to be estimated simultaneously: a decision model on the one hand and a restriction
model on the other. The standard decision model arises as a special case with a zero restriction probability. McKelvey/Zavoina's
PseudoR
2 can be employed as a straightforward evaluation of the goodness-of-fit. Neglecting the presence of asymmetric restrictions
or considering them as symmetric effects leads to biased estimators. This is discussed in a formal manner and demonstrated
by means of a simulation study. The bias may occur in either direction. It is not only restricted to the model parameters
themselves, but also to their standard errors. To avoid such bias, it seems advisable to use the extended model if ever possible
and test for a zero restriction probability.
I wish to thank Reinhard Hujer, Jo Grammig, Matthias Lob, Notburga Ott, Reinhold Schnabel and an anonymous referee for helpful
comments on earlier drafts of this paper. |
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Keywords: | |
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