翻译策略的分类、制约与抉择

翻译策略可分为原语中心翻译策略和译语中心翻译策略两种。前者强调原语，后者突出译语。造成翻译策略差异的原因有翻译发起人的翻译指令、原语文本类型、原语译语写作范式一致性等。其中，影响力最大的当属翻译发起人翻译指令。翻译发起人是翻译赞助人甚至投资人，了解译文交际环境和用途，向译者发出翻译指令，以满足译文读者期望和社会要求，实现自身利益。翻译策略是构成翻译环境的六种因素相互作用的折衷结果。

The Classifications, determiners and choices of Translation Strategies

Basically, there are two translation strategies： the original - language - centered strategy and the target - language - centered strategy, reflecting respectively the difference in emphasis, which is laid on the original by one and on the target by the other. The causes, or the determiners, for the difference, consist of six factors, namely, the consistency in the text - writing norm between the original and the target text, the text type of the original, the importance of the original, the translation initiator＇s brief, the target text readers＇ expectations and the social demands. The most influential of the six factors is the translation initiator＇s brief, which is formulated and given to the translator by the translation initiator who, as the sponsor or even the investor of translating, is well informed of the communicative occasions of the target text, seeks to fulfill his interest by meeting translation readership＇ s expectations and social demand by means of the translation brief binding to the translator. It follows naturally that in factual translating the decision on translation strategies is a compromise as a result of the interactions of the six factors.