法学视野中面向权利的权力正当性论证 ——由《权利的成本》展开

《权利的成本》揭示权利依赖于权力的秘密,权利的成本表现为权力所掌控的预算资源,民众以缴纳税捐的方式获取权力对权利的确认与保护,本质上是一种互助式的公共保险机制。所有权利都是积极权利,权力赋予权利人对抗他者的法律效力,权力在权利的实践中无法缺位,自由主义对权力的成见不合时宜。权力从对权利的保障中获得了丰厚的回报,不仅证成其正当性价值,还因正外部性的产生增强了自身的能力,权利与权力可以形成互相促进的良性循环。权力保障权利价值的实现需要有效的权力机关。在稀缺公共资源的现实条件下,权力中的权利保障职能具有预算优先性,应当在此预算领域以支定收,由权利保障的预算支出需求决定国民的税负。

Justification Argument on Power Based Rights From the Perspective of Law: Started From"The Cost of Rights"

The book of“The Cost of Rights”reveals the secrets that rights depend on power.The cost of rights is in the form of the budgetary resources under the control of power.The people obtain the recognition and protection of rights from power by paying taxes.All rights are positive rights.Power gives legal rights by which rights holders could be against others.Power cannot be absent from the practice of rights.Liberalism’s stereotypes of power are out of place.Power can obtain rich returns from the protection of rights.It not only proves its legitimacy value,but also enhances its ability due to positive externalities.Rights and power can form a virtuous circle of mutual promotion.The realization of the value of the power guarantee rights requires an effective authority.Under the realistic conditions of scarce public resources,the function of guaranteeing rights by power has budget priority.Revenue of this area should be determined by expenditure,and the national tax burden should be determined by the budgetary expenditure demand of guaranteeing rights.