近代日本移民政策的转变

“安政五国条约”的签订标志着日本锁国时代的结束,幕藩体制也随之分崩离析,这为日本海外移民潮的出现提供了先决条件。“明治维新”在推动日本近代化的同时,也导致了大量剩余劳动力的出现和流动,然而,明治早期并没有出现大规模海外移民潮。随着革新的深入,松方财政改革加剧了失业现象,鼓励生育的政策和近代医疗卫生制度改革的推进导致日本人口急剧增长,再加上扩张主义思想的膨胀,明治中后期转而鼓励向外移民,并将海外移民视作其殖民扩张战略和民族国家构建中的重要一环。

The Change of Migration Policy in Early Modern Japan

The Signing of Ansei Treaties was the end of Japan’s seclusion policy,and disintegration of bakuhan system provided the preconditions for the emergence of Japanese overseas migration.“Meiji Restoration”not only opened up the road of Japan’s modernization,but also made the emergence and flow of a large number of surplus labor.However,there was no large-scale emigration in the early“Meiji Restoration”period.With the deepening of the reform,the fiscal reform of Matsukata aggravated the unemployment.The policy of encouraging childbirth,the promotion of modern medical and health system reform led to the rapid growth of Japanese population.Coupled with the upsurge of expansionism,Japan turned to encourage the emigration,regarded it as an important part of its colonial expansion strategy and the construction of a nation-state in the middle and late period of Meiji.