考虑进口配额的跨国供应商选择与订单分配模糊多目标优化决策

针对跨国供应商选择与订单分配问题,在考虑进口配额限制和需求不确定的情境下,构建了一个实现核心制造商利润最大化和供应商交货质量最大化的模糊多目标混合整数规划模型。该模型考虑汇率、关税等多个全球因素,采用一种交互式模糊多目标规划方法对模型进行求解,并应用一个算例进行验证。研究表明:1.存在进口配额限制时,制造商会优先考虑低成本高质量的海外供应商,达到配额限制后再选择本土供应商补充剩余订单;2.人民币汇率正向影响制造商海外采购。当人民币汇率上升时,制造商进口成本降低,其会将更多订单分配给海外供应商;3.关税负向影响制造商海外采购。当关税上升时,制造商会减少关税高的供应商的进口数量,选择替代供应商来满足其需求。由此获得如下管理启示:1,制造商企业在选择跨国供应商时,应重点关注本国的进口配额政策,使供应商多样化以减少针对单一供应商配额政策剧烈波动对制造商采购成本和企业利润的不利影响。2.汇率时刻都在变动,制造商企业应关注本国和供应商所在国的长期汇率政策以及短期突发事件对汇率的影响,及时调整订单分配决策。3.制造商企业在选择供应商时,需要对供应商所在国的短期和中长期关税政策进行综合评估。

Fuzzy Multi-objective Optimization Decision of Multinational Supplier Selection and Order Allocation Considering Import Quota

Aiming at the problem of multinational supplier selection and order allocation,a fuzzy multi-objective mixed integer programming model is constructed to maximize the profit of core manufacturer and the delivery quality of supplier under the circumstances of import quota and uncertain demand.Considering exchange rate,tariff and other global factors,we use an interactive fuzzy multi-objective programming method to solve the model and then verify it by using an example.The research shows the following results:(1)When there is import quota,the manufacturer will give priority to overseas suppliers with low cost and high quality,and choose local suppliers to supplement the remaining orders after the quota restriction is reached;(2)RMB exchange rate is positively influencing manufacturers’overseas procurement.As RMB exchange rate rises,import cost of the manufacturer reduces and thus they would allocate more orders to overseas suppliers;(3)Tariff is negatively influencing the overseas purchase of the manufacturer.When tariffs rise,the manufacturer will reduce imports from high-tariff suppliers and choose alternative suppliers to meet their demand.As a result,the following management implications can be obtained:(1)When selecting multinational suppliers,manufacturers should focus on the import quota policies of their own countries to diversify suppliers so as to reduce the adverse impact on their procurement costs and corporate profits brought by drastic fluctuations of quota policies toward a particular supplier.(2)The exchange rate is constantly changing,so manufacturers should give special attention to the long-term exchange rate policies of their own countries and the countries where suppliers are located as well as the impact of short-term emergencies on the exchange rate,and timely adjust order allocation decisions.(3)When selecting suppliers,manufacturers need to comprehensively evaluate the short-term and medium-and long-term tariff policies of the countries where the suppliers are located.