顾客可选末端交付方式和时间窗的城市配送动态订单接受优化研究

在顾客可以自选末端交付方式和配送时间窗的情境下,为及时决策是否接受顾客配送订单,构建了城市配送动态订单接受决策框架,定义了配送路径预规划、配送需求评估、订单接受策略调整和路径全局优化四个阶段,建立了基于时间窗偏差阈值的配送需求评估方法,设计了全部接受、交付方式静态分配和服务选项动态分配三种订单接受策略调整算法。仿真表明:服务选项动态分配算法能够获取更高的利润,在单批次配送任务较多的情形下还具有更好的时间性能;随着时间窗宽度逐渐增加,自提柜交付收益和行驶里程逐渐减少,而送货上门交付收益和利润逐渐增加;时间窗偏差阈值对配送服务利润影响明显,但不存在趋势性关系;仿真算例显示,送货上门交付收益较高的时间窗偏差阈值,往往会获取更高的利润。

Research on the Dynamic Order Acceptance in Urban Delivery Considering Customer Choice of the Last-mile Delivery Modes and Time Slots

To make the order acceptance or rejection decision efficiently in the context that the customer can choose the last-mile delivery modes and time slots, the framework of dynamic order acceptance in urbandelivery is constructed, which is composed of pre-routing,assessment of delivery requests, adjustment of order acceptance strategy and global optimization. An order valuation method based on the threshold of time window deviation is proposed. Then three different algorithms for adjustingorder acceptance strategy are designed including accepting all orders, allocating delivery modesstatically and allocating service options dynamically. The simulation results show that the dynamic allocation of service options could obtain higher profit than the other algorithms and spent less time especially in the example with more delivery requests; as the time slot range is increased, the revenue of reception box service and the total distance are gradually decreasing, however the revenue of attending home delivery service and the profit are increasing; the threshold of time window deviation has a significant effect on the profit of distribution service, but there is no trend; the threshold of time window deviation with higher revenue of attending home delivery often make a higher profit. The results may support the decisions of allocating the last-mile delivery modes and time slots in different distribution areas.