考虑企业社会责任承担的两阶段闭环供应链协调机制研究

针对由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的新产品和再造品差异定价的闭环供应链系统，将企业社会责任（CSR）纳入研究，分别构建了集中决策下供应链整体承担CSR、分散决策下分别由制造商与零售商单独承担CSR的两阶段闭环供应链模型，探讨了履行CSR对闭环供应链的影响和闭环供应链对CSR的最佳承担方式。在此基础上，建立了一个由数量折扣与CSR履行成本共担的组合契约模型。研究表明：当闭环供应链成员单独承担CSR时，制造商承担的效果与零售商相比，两者各有优势，没有出现某一种承担方式的效果明显优于另一种的情形；无论制造商还是零售商，单独承担CSR的最优决策与集中决策相比均有较大差距；随着新产品与再造品竞争程度的增加，闭环供应链各成员及整体利润也随之增加；如果制造商和零售商能够按照数量折扣与CSR履行成本共担的组合契约来共同履行CSR，闭环供应链系统能够达到协调的效果，实现更大的社会福利。

Study on Coordination Mechanism of Two-period Closed-loop Supply Chain Considering CSR Exhibiting

For a closed-loop supply chain system composed of a manufacturer and a retailer with new products and remanufactured products different pricing, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is taken into research. Closed-loop supply chain models respectively under centralized decision, decentralized decision making by the manufacturer alone and the retailer alone to exhibit CSR are constructed. The study discusses the impact of CSR and the optimal CSR exhibiting mode of the closed-loop supply chain. Besides, the study establishes a combined contract model with quantity discount and CSR performance cost sharing to achieve coordination. It is found that when the manufacturer or the retailer exhibits CSR alone, there is no clear evidence to distinguish which is better. For both of them, there is a great gap between the optimal decision of exhibiting CSR alone and the result of centralized decision. With the increasing of the replacement coefficient of new products and remanufactured ones, the competition between them becomes intensified, and the profits of each member and the whole supply chain also increase. If the manufacturer and the retailer can jointly exhibit CSR according to the combined contract of quantity discount and CSR performance cost sharing, the closed-loop supply chain system can achieve a coordinated effect and gain greater social welfare.