环境分权、环保约谈与环境污染

环境政策的实施及其效应是现有文献研究的热点问题。文章基于长江经济带2003-2017年108个城市市级面板数据,手工搜集整理河长制与环保约谈数据,采用双重差分法实证研究了环境分权和环保约谈对环境污染的影响。研究发现:环境分权对环境污染具有显著的长期抑制作用,河长制的实施可以改善生态环境质量,从空间角度看,环境分权对长江经济带不同区域环境污染的影响存在异质性,对长江中游城市环境污染的影响最为显著;环保约谈对环境污染具有显著的负向影响,其治污效力远高于环境分权的政策效果,但环保约谈对环境污染的滞后效用有所减小,表明环保约谈对环境污染的影响是一种短期影响;环境分权与环保约谈双管齐下的治污效果更为显著,对环境污染的抑制作用高于两者单独的政策影响,但二者双管齐下的治污效力随着时间推移有所减弱。因此,文章从构建环境监督执法垂直管理机制、重视事前预警约谈、建立跨流域环境联防联治体系等角度提出改善环境污染的相关政策。

Environmental Decentralization,Environmental Interviews and Environmental Pollution

The implementation of environmental policies and its effect are hot issues of research in the existing literature. Based on the panel data of 108 cities along the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2003 to 2017, the paper collects and collates the data of river director system and environmental interview manually,and adopts the double difference method to study the influence of environmental decentralization and environmental interviews on environmental pollution empirically. The results show that environmental decentralization has a significant long-term repression on environmental pollution, and the implementation of the river director system can improve the ecological environment. From the spatial perspective, environmental decentralization’s impact on pollution is heterogeneous in different regions of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,with the most significant impact in the cities in the middle stream of Yangtze River. Environmental interviews have a significant negative impact on environmental pollution, and their effectiveness of pollution control is much higher than the policy effect of environmental decentralization, but the lagging effect of environmental interviews on environmental pollution has been reduced, which indicates that the impact of environmental interviews on environmental pollution is a short-term effect. The effectiveness of pollution control is greatly stronger when environmental decentralization is combined with environmental interviews, and their repression on pollution is stronger than the policy effect of either alone, but the two-pronged pollution control effectiveness has weakened over time. Therefore, it is proposed to construct a vertical management mechanism of environmentalsupervision and law enforcement, pay attention to the early warning interviews, establish a system of joint prevention and control on cross-basin environmental pollution, among other points of view, to improve environmental pollution-related policies.