生存权与发展权比较视域中的最低生活保障制度

生存权不仅仅包含生物式生存的权利,还包含着社会性和文化性的权利。发展权是谋求人的全面发展的权利,尤其强调发展的机会均等。生存权的实现离不开发展权的实施,发展权的实现又以生存权的存在为前提和基础。离开生存权谈发展权或者离开发展权谈生存权,都不具有现实意义。国家对生存权进行法律保护所承担的乃是一种直接责任,对发展权的保护承担的是一种间接责任。最低生活保障制度应该是一个既保护生存权又保护发展权的系统的救助工程。我国的最低生活保障制度应该通过立法的形式把生存权具体化为最低生活保障权,使贫困人口拥有法律上的请求权,对于发展权的保护还是主要要依靠政策来实现,这些政策当然要逐步的实现法律化。

The Subsistence Security System in the comparative horizon of the right to survival and the right of development

The right to survival not only includes the biological right to life style,but also contains a social and cultural rights.The right to development is the right seeking the comprehensive development and emphasizing the equal opportunities particularly.The right to survival achieved without the implementation of the right to development and the realization of the right to development depends on the existence of the right of survival.Discussing the right to survival or the right to development without each other has no real significance.National legal protection for the right to survival bears a direct responsibility and the protection of the right to development is an indirect responsibility.The Subsistence Security System should be the protection of both the right to survival and the right to development.Chinese Subsistence Security System should pass specific legislation to protect the right to survival and to protect the right to development mainly by policies,and these policies should be gradually become law.