弗·培根的“假象论”对后世哲学的影响

培根的“假象论”不但揭示了人的认识产生谬误的种神根源，更向我们展示了人类理智可能具有的局限，引发了后来的一些哲学家对“假象”及其相关问题的思考和解决。本文即从培根对“四假象”的分析和批判入手。重点探讨了后世哲学家（波普尔、伽达默尔）对这一学说的解读、批判及其解决，以及这一学说与康德的先验幻相和当代语言分析哲学流派的相关性，以此彰显培根的“假象论”对后世哲学的影响及其意义。

Bacon＇s ＂Doctrine of the Idols＂ and Its Influence on Later Philosophers

Bacon＇s doctrine of the idols has not only revealed the origins of errors made by humans in comprehension, but also showed the limitation of human reasoning ability, which stirs up certain ways to understand and solve ＂idols＂ and related problems put forward by later philosophers. Starting from Bacon＇s doctrine of ＂four kinds of idols＂, this article focuses on the interpretation of, criticism of and solution to the doctrine of the idols by later philoso transcendental phers （ e. g. Popper and Gadamer）, and analyzes the relation between this doctrine and theory on illusion and linguistic philosophy by Kant, so as to indicate the influence and significance of Baeon＇s doctrine of ＂the idols＂ to later philosophers.