Urbanization and fertility: An event-history analysis of Coastal Ghana |
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Authors: | Michael J White Salut Muhidin Catherine Andrzejewski Eva Tagoe Rodney Knight Holly Reed |
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Institution: | 1.Population Studies and Training Center,Brown University,Providence;2.School of Geography, Planning,University of Queensland,Australia;3. Architecture,University of Queensland,Australia;4.Principia International,USA;5.Department of Geography and Rural Development,University of Science and Technology,Ghana,USA;6.Department of Sociology, Queens College,City University of New York,USA |
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Abstract: | In this article, we undertake an event-history analysis of fertility in Ghana. We exploit detailed life history calendar data
to conduct a more refined and definitive analysis of the relationship among personal traits, urban residence, and fertility.
Although urbanization is generally associated with lower fertility in developing countries, inferences in most studies have
been hampered by a lack of information about the timing of residence in relationship to childbearing. We find that the effect
of urbanization itself is strong, evident, and complex, and persists after we control for the effects of age, cohort, union
status, and education. Our discrete-time event-history analysis shows that urban women exhibit fertility rates that are, on
average, 11% lower than those of rural women, but the effects vary by parity. Differences in urban population traits would
augment the effects of urban adaptation itself. Extensions of the analysis point to the operation of a selection effect in
rural-to-urban mobility but provide limited evidence for disruption effects. The possibility of further selection of urbanward
migrants on unmeasured traits remains. The analysis also demonstrates the utility of an annual life history calendar for collecting
such data in the field. |
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