美国“竞争性自由化”战略的形成与实施

战后美国对外贸易政策有四个目标。为实现这些目标,美国政治领导人实行了“三轨道”的对外贸易政策,即在多边、区域(包括双边)和单边三个领域实施贸易政策。“三轨道”中的多边主义和区域(包括双边)被美国经济学家伯格斯坦称之为“竞争性的自由化”。2001年,小布什入住白宫后,美国行政当局把“竞争性自由化”提升为美国的一种对外经济战略。这一战略的重点是美国积极参与区域和双边自由贸易协定的谈判和缔结。本文就美国这一战略的形成、实施和对美国经济的影响进行阐述和分析。

The Formulation and Implementation of the Strategy of Competitive Liberalization of the U.S.

After Bush came to the White House in 2001, the Bush Administration elevated “competitive liberalization” to foreign economic strategy. This strategy calls for the advance of trade liberalization simultaneously on bilateral, regional and multilateral fronts. The emphasis is the United States should take part in regional and bilateral negotiations and conclnsion of FTAs. This paper will analyse the formulation and implementation of the strategy of “competitive liberalization” and the impact on the U.S ecomomy by FTAs.