从结构到制度:论《矿产资源法》不完备性及修改路径

现行《矿产资源法》在宏观结构和具体制度上存在诸多问题。在结构上,它是以矿业权的获得、行使和管理为主线进行构造的;在具体制度上,不仅现有的矿业权市场、矿产资源税费、法律责任等制度在法理上和实践中存在诸多问题,还缺乏许多核心制度。《矿法》修改的前提是厘清矿产资源开发利用中的权利关系、利益分享关系以及开发利用与环境保护之间的关系。《矿法》的宏观结构和具体制度应当包括矿产资源规划与储量、矿业权、矿产资源勘查与开发、矿产资源税费、矿业用地、环境治理恢复与监测、监督检查、法律责任等几个方面内容。

From Structure to Institution:the Incompleteness of Mineral Resources Law and its Amending Path

There are lots of problems in the structure and system of the Mineral Resources Law.As for structure,it is based on the acquisition,exercise and management of mining rights;as for system,there are lots of problems such as mining rights market,mineral resource tax and legal responsibilities,and there are also short of many core systems in this law.The law’s amending premise is to clarify the relationship between rights,benefit sharing as well as the relationship between exploitation and utilization and environmental protection.The law’s structure and system should include mineral resources planning and reserve,mining rights,exploration and developments,mineral resource tax,mining lands,environmental protection,inspection and supervision as well as legal responsibilities.