动机研究的历史演变

心理学中的动机研究以20世纪60年代为界可分为两个时期，之前主要以行为主义和精神分析理论为主导，强调本能、冲动、驱力、体内平衡等生物性的因素在决定人的动机和行为方面的直接作用。60年代以后，认知的观点逐步介入到动机研究中来，研究的课题发生了很大的变化，出现了归因理论等强调认知因素的动机理论，并使传统的基于行为主义观点的自我效能理论、习得无助理论在内容上发生了巨大的变化。

History evolution of motivation researches

Behaviorism and psychoanalysis theories were dominating over the motivation researches in psychology before the sixties of the 20th century,which emphasized the effect of biological factors such as insticts , impulses, drives and inner bal- ances on motivations and behaviors. the that, the cognitive perspectives in psychology were introduced to motivation re- searches,Some new motivation theories such as attribution theory emerged, which leaded to great changes in topics in motiva- tion researches, and changed the foundation of traditional behaviorism motivation theories such as self - efficacy theory. learned helplessness theory.