随机产出与需求下农产品供应链协调的收益共享合同研究

生鲜农产品生产受季节性和天气等影响,投入一定农资后产出呈随机分布。本文考虑产出和需求扰动服从均匀分布情形下,单个生产商和零售商的供应链协调问题。在收益共享合同模式下,生产商决定农资投入数(e)并将单一产品以低于生产成本的价格(ω)全部出售给零售商,零售商制定销售价格(p)进行销售并支付约定比例(1-Ф)的收益补偿生产商。在分析供应链协调的条件后,说明了合同参数ω与Ф的关系和Ф设定范围。研究结果表明,收益共享合同能有效地协调供应链,且协调的p和e与需求价格弹性有关;并且Ф取值范围随影响产出的随机变量的期望值变大而增大。最后以数值算例说明了分析结果的正确性。

Coordination of Agri-food Chain with Revenue-sharing Contract under Stochastic Output and Demand

Due to the effect of uncertain factors such as seasonal weather,the output of agriculture production is uncertain given certain agricultural inputs. This paper addresses the issue of coordinating agri-food chain with perishable goods by revenue-sharing contract when both output and demand random factor are uniform distribution. Under revenue-sharing contract,a supplier decides on agricultural input (e) and deliveries all goods with a price(ω)lower than its production cost per unit to the retailer while a retailer decides on the retail price (p) and return 1-Ф share (percentage) of its revenue to the supplier. Under such a contract,we analyze the basis of coordination of the chain and provide the relationship between ω and Ф teas well as the range of Ф A numerical example illustrates the correctness of our analysis. The results show that the revenue-sharing contract is able to coordinate the agri-food chain effectively and the optimal decisions of p and a are closely related to the demand price elasticity. The results also show the range of Ф is widen when the expected output increases.