意义和所指的语用研究

本文论述语用学家叨年代以来对意义和所指的语用研究，指出语用学家对意义和所指的研究避免了哲学和形式语义学家将词语和语句的意义和所指着成是静态的、以为它们是词语或语句本身固有的这一不足。意义和所指的语用研究将意义的生成和所指的确立看成一种社会行为，因而十分关注话语上下文、语境和社会文化等因素；充分注意交际双方在动态的社会交往过程中对意义和所指的磋商、推理和建构。

Towards a Pragmatic Approach to Sense and Reference

This paper reviews the pragmatic studies of sense and reference from the perspective of the 1990s. It is maintained thatwords themselves do not mean and refer to anything and actually it is people who mean and refer. We might best think of sense andreference as a socially-motivated speech act in which a speaker, or writer uses linguistic forms to enable a listener, or reader, to iden-tify something in a specific co-text or context of situation/culture.