试论清朝雍正至嘉庆年间在湘黔川边苗区实行的“治苗”政策

今湘黔川交界地区是苗族聚居地。汉以来 ,由于该地区反抗斗争不断 ,迫使中央王朝不断调整“治苗”政策 ,清朝雍正至嘉庆年间这一问题最为突出 ,清初沿袭明朝在这一地区的土司统治制度 ,雍正年间推行“改土归流” ,实行“以汉治苗” ,进一步加强封建统治 ,促进了苗区政治、经济、文化的发展。由于满汉官吏、地主、商人、高利贷者进入苗区 ,任意兼并苗民赖以生存的土地、剥削欺压苗民 ,最终导致了乾嘉苗民大起义。清朝平定起义后统治政策又从“以汉治苗”回到了“以苗治苗”

On the Policy of Reigning the Miao Nationality Carried Out in the Region of the Miao Nationality in Xiang, Qian and Chuan from Yong Zheng Period to Jia Qin Period of Qing Dynasty

Today the Interface of xiang ,Qian and Chuan is the place where the Miao nationality live in communities.Since Han Dynasty ,constant protest and struggles in this negion forced the central government to regulate the policy of reigning the Miao nationality.This problem became worst from Yong Zheng period to Jia Qin period of Qing Dynasty . In the early days of Qing Dynasty ,the government descended the chieftain reigning policy in this region .In Yong Zheng period the state practised policy of central control and the Han reigning the Miao ,further reinforced feudal domination and promoted the development of politics ,economy and culture in this region .The government officials ,landowners ,businessmen and usurers of the Miao nationality and Han nationality steeped in the Miao region ,mengered the lands the people of the Miao nationality depended on ,and exploited and bullied the Miao people ,This caused the uprising of the Miao people in Qian Jia period ,After suppressing the revolt ,the reigning policy rechanged.