Occupations and the cyclical behavior of gender unemployment rates |
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| Institution: | 1. Geological Survey of Canada-Atlantic (GSC-A), 1 Challenger Drive, P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2, Canada;2. Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), P.O. Box 6315 Sluppen, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway;3. Institute of Marine Research (IMR), P.O. Box 6404, N-9294 Tromsø, Norway;4. CAGE—Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, Department of Geology, University of Tromsø (UiT), NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway;1. IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia;2. Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia;3. Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia;4. School of Psychology, Counselling & Psychotherapy, Cairnmillar Institute, Camberwell, Australia;5. NorthWest Academic Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Australia;6. Orygen Research Centre, Parkville, Australia;7. Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health Parkville Australia |
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| Abstract: | The men’s unemployment rate first exceeded the women’s during the recession of the 1980s, a pattern repeated in the 1990s recession. During non-recession years, this gender difference disappeared. We use data disaggregated by occupational categories and show that occupational distribution is critical for explaining the behavior of gender unemployment rates. Although women’s rates are consistently higher than men’s within occupations, the gender distribution across occupations favor lower rates for women. In recessions, the unemployment rates rise for both genders, but the occupational distribution shifts in favor of women’s employment. For expansionary periods, these two effects are offsetting. |
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