文学民族性身份的现代人类学还原

文学民族性问题是中国现当代美学—文艺学的一个“焦虑中心”,同时也是一个实际上被“个别化”、“边缘化”、“表面化”了的课题。现代人类学将为该问题研究的理论突破和创新提供一种可能。现代人类学立场的核心是肯定人类文化的相对性和差异性,将人的抽象、普遍、同一的本质还原为具体、特殊、多样的存在,最终突出人性的“民族化”身份和特征。立足现代人类学立场,“还原”文学的民族“身份”(特性),不是有没有的问题,而是应否“去蔽”、“还原”的问题,以此反思我们以往的学术研究现状,重构真正中国特色的现代美学—文艺学。

Modern Anthropological Reduction of the National Identity of Literature

The issue of literary nationality is not only an “anxiety center” in the fields of modern and contemporary aesthetic and literary studies,but also a subject practically individualized,marginalized and made superficial.Modern anthropology will seek to provide a creative possibility of this research.The nucleus in the standpoint of modern anthropology is to admit the relativity and difference of human culture,trying to reduce the intrinsic quality consisting of abstraction,generality and identity to the concrete,particular and diversified being,and eventually focusing on the human “national” identity and character.By virtue of such a consideration,this article advances a proposition that the literary national identity(character) should be reduced on the standpoint of modern anthropology.In this opinion,literary nationality is not an issue of existence or not,but is one of disclosure and reduction by which we could hope to meditate on the previous research and rebuild a real modern aesthetics-literary theory with Chinese characteristics.