从佉卢文简牍看精绝国的葡萄种植业——兼论精绝国葡萄园土地所有制与酒业管理之形式

通过对尼雅遗址出土的亻去卢文简牍中相关农业经济方面文书的研究,揭示出农奴社会制度下的精绝国土地所有制之形态。土地私有是精绝国土地所有制的主要形式。作为私有财产,无论是买卖,还是抵押葡萄园土地,双方均立有契约或协议书。葡萄种植是精绝国的一项经济支柱产业。精绝国大面积种植葡萄促进了葡萄酿酒业的发展。国家对酒业的管理十分严格,设立有专门征收税酒的酒局,以村或百户为单位向酒局上缴税酒,国家将税酒还通过商运销售到周边国家与地区。葡萄种植户拖欠税酒是要支付利息的。酒税是精绝国的一项主要财税来源。

On The Grape Planting in the Jingjue State

Studying the documents on wooden tablets,unearthed in Niya Ruins,relating to agriculture,this paper reveals the land ownership of the serf system in the Jinjue State.Land private ownership was dominant in the Jinjue State.Being private,both parties had contacts or agreements signed in terms of transactions or mortgage of grape-yard land.Grape planting was the pillar industry in the Jinjue State,which promoted the development of winery.The State had strict control on winery,as the separate tax body was set up.The State sold the wine to the surrounding states and areas.Grape planters must pay interest for delaying paying up wine tax.Wine taxation was the main source of state revenue in Jinjue State.