市场获得与中国劳动力迁徙的边界效应

本研究纳入新经济地理的新型要素——市场获得。试图建立影响劳动力迁徙动力机制的新坐标。利用1998-2008年期间中国劳动力跨区域流动样本数据，本文经验验证了“市场获得一要素报酬一迁徙”的倒“U”关联机制，发现我国早期市场获得对劳动力由外围区向中心区迁徙的贡献显著，并决定了“中心一外围”的地区竞争格局。内部二元经济结构走向“刘易斯拐点”。进而“人口红利”消退，这均迫使“市场获得一迁徙”正向关联机制趋于弱化；研究估算出我国劳动力要素跨区域迁徙的隐性壁垒（边界效应值）为3．94；且边界效应由东向西呈现出阶梯型上升的区域差异态势：劳动力要素市场呈现出中心区相对开放，外围区相对闭塞的局面，而引力型政策和保障性政策分别成为了劳动力跨区域迁徙的拉力和阻力。政府的配套政策应该保障自由市场和生产要素跨区域有效配置，在实现我国区域“中心一外围”格局走向均衡化发展的同时，继续维护中国工业生产的要素竞争力。

Market Access and the Border Effect of China's Labor Migration

This paper introduces a new economy geography index, market access, to analyze the dynamic mechanism of labor migration in China based on the sample data from China＇s labor cross-region flow 1998-2008. The empirical test prove the reversed U-shape of “Market access -Wage - Migration” and finds that market access in early period of China＇s reform increased labor migration significantly from peripheral zone to the central area, which caused China＇s core-peripheral competition landscape. However with the appearance of “Lewis turning point”and disappearance of demographic dividend, the M-W-M mechanism tends to weaken. The calculation shows that the estimated value of hidden barriers against labor migration, i.e. border effect, is 3.94, and the values of border effects boast of a ladder-type rising trend from the east to the west in China. The labor market in the central area is relatively open while more isolated in peripheral zone. To change China＇s center-periphery pattern into more balanced development among regions and to maintain the competitiveness of China＇s industrial production, it is important for government to have proper policies to maintain free market and ensure efficient allocation of production factors.