妖梦不妖——《左传》梦占应验原因探析

《左传》记梦近30例,梦象多有鬼神妖异,且大多记录了占梦和应验的具体情况,记梦的数量和详细程度都居先秦典籍之冠,多被人认为是"记妖梦以垂文"而备受诟病。《左传》这一特点虽然在客观上造成了史学文本中文学性、趣味性的增强,却并非作者有意宣扬鬼神卜验、天道报应,现代人看来神奇莫测的梦占现象,细究起来则有内在逻辑可循。梦的产生、应验与人的生理和心理等因素密不可分,而且梦带有特定历史时期的文化特征,与春秋时期的鬼神信仰相关。占梦"应验"一是因为梦与做梦者的生理、心理状态密切相关,其本身就带有预言性;二是占梦者大都知识广博且善于把握做梦者心理;三是因为史官对占梦史料有倾向性的选择——占梦的应验都有其内在逻辑可循,所谓之"妖梦"并不妖,这间接反映了春秋时期人们的宗教信仰、文化倾向。

Non-mythology of Magical Dreams: Exploration of Dream Divining in Zuozhuan

The dream divining in Zuozhuan is noticeable,which is sneered at by many people.Dream depends on human's physiological and psychological condition,and it comes with the characteristics of the specific historical period,so the dreams in Zuozhuan could reflect religion and culture's characteristics in the Spring and Autumn Period.The reasons that divining dream in Zuozhuan could come true are very interesting.First of all,dream is based on human's physiological and psychological condition,which is predictable itself.Secondly,the prognosticators usually are knowledgeable and sensible and they also could comprehend the dreamer's thoughts.Thirdly,the historiographers select materials of divining dream which already are conformed.All these above-mentioned reasons make the divining dream in Zuozhuan could come true,and so the magical dream isn't mythical at all.