杓哇土族生计方式新陈代谢的田野考察

甘肃卓尼县杓哇乡土族人生计行为中的新与旧主要表现在以下四个方面：从“牛马亲家”到“承包代牧”；林中“割柳”与“柳”失其用；“春小麦”被“冬小麦”代替导致农作物种植结构变化；“啦叭洞”从圣地变为旅游地。反映了杓哇土族人生态与技术、文化互动的结果，也是支撑生计的资源日益缺乏的表现，更是边远地区人群适应市场经济的体现。

A Study on Exchange of New and Old Living Factors in the Shaowa Tu

Gannan Tibetan autonomous prefecture, Gansu province Zhuoni county the Tu poeple the livelihood of local people behavior of the new and old is mainly manifested in the following four aspects：from “horses and cattle in-laws”to“contracting grazing”;Forest cut“willow” and“willow” be replaced;Spring wheat is generation of winter wheat crop plant-ing structure change;“Beep hole” from mecca to destination.Alternating between old and new elements in the above four living behavior not only reflects the Tu poeple the two communities in ecology and technology, culture, the result of the in-teraction, and support the livelihoods of resources increasingly lack of performance;More remote areas in unit for survival of people to adapt to market economy.