中国封建君主专制政体与王朝兴亡“周期率”

中国封建君主专制政体实行官僚政治,注意建章立制,以法律形式明确规定了职官的分工和职责,分权制衡,一方面对不尽职责的渎职、失职和贪官污吏实施问责制,以避免官吏滥用权力,确保他们尽职尽责;另一方面对官吏实行激励制度,奖勤罚懒,充分调动官吏的积极性,建立科学、合理、精干、高效的官僚政治体制,初步形成了秩序严密、制约有效的权力运作机制,用法律保证行政体制和机制运行的规范性、系统性和效率,体现了一定的民主和法治性,在一定程度上约束和防范了权力的滥用,调节和缓和了君主专制政体内部的矛盾和冲突,降低或减缓了政治动荡的频率和政治衰败的速度,从而促进了王朝的长治久安。然而,这种制约和调节机制是为了维护皇权秩序,君主的意志决定一切,法律制度服从权力意志,官吏只服从皇权和上司,排斥制度化、长效化、透明公开的群众民主监督方式,使权力的制约与监督因时、因人而异,长效性的规范无法发挥作用,体现出一定的"专权"和"人治"性,这就加剧了统治阶级内部的矛盾和吏治的腐败,给社会带来了更多的政治无序和周期性的震荡。因此,君主专制政体是中国古代封建王朝兴亡周期率形成的关键原因。

China's Feudal Autocratic Monarchy System and Periodicity of Dynasty's Rise and Fall

Following bureaucrat politics,China's feudal autocratic monarchy system pays attention to make laws to identify officials' duties to balance the power.On the one hand,it punishes these officials who neglect their duties and corrupt in order to avoid them abusing their power and ensuring them being on their duties.On the other hand,it rewards the officials to motivate their positivity.As a result,the scientific,reasonable,diligent,and efficient bureaucrat political system comes into being and the power runni...