社会排斥视野下的农村青年婚配难解读——来自辽东南东村光棍现象的调查与思考

农村青年婚配难是各种结构性因素与非结构性（场景性）因素共同作用的结果；出生性别比失衡、婚姻梯次和年龄结构差等是导致农村青年婚配难的结构性因素，而个人条件、经济基础、思想观念和社会关系网络等则是引致农村青年婚配难的非结构性（场景性）因素。本文基于辽东南东村光棍现象的实地调查，通过引入社会排斥理论，对农村青年婚配难现象的非结构性因素展开了分析和探讨，认为：身体排斥、身份排斥、经济排斥、观念排斥和社会关系排斥等是导致农村青年婚配难的主要排斥机制。婚姻排斥作为一个集场景性与结构性相结合的分析性框架，是我们理解和解释婚配难、婚姻市场失衡等问题的新的理论视角。农村青年要想顺利地进入婚姻市场，青年自身、基层组织和国家必须“力所能及”地克服和消除社会排斥机制。

The Difficulties in the Marriage of the Rural Young in the Perspective of Social Exclusion: A Survey of A Single-man Village,Dongguang in Southeast Liaoning Province

The difficulties in the marriage of the rural young are the concurrent result of various structural factors and situational factors. The structural factors include unbalanced sex ratio, marriage echelon and the age structure And the situational factors are personal characteristics, wealth, conception and social network. This paper, based on a survey in a single village, Dongguang in Southeast Liaoning province, adopts the theory of social exclusion to analyze the situational factors causing the difficulties of the rural young. The result shows that the main exclusion mechanism is determined by physical exclusion, status exclusion, economic exclusion, conceptual exclusion and social network exclusion. The marriage exclusion with an analytical framework of both situational and structural factors is a new theoretic perspective to interpret the marriage difficulties and the matching unbalance of marriage market. To help the rural young to be competent in marriage market, the rural young themselves, community organizations and government should all get down to take actions to weaken and overcome the social exclusions.